23^rd International Conference on Advanced Materials June 20-21, 2018 Oslo, Norway

Biography:

Dr. Wing Chung Tsoi has completed his PhD in organic liquid crystals for solar cells at hull university and postdoctoral research at university of sheffield, imperial college London, and national physical laboratory. He has been working as a senior research officer on organic and perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells at swansea university in UK. He has published 43 papers in reputed journals and is leading a group on advanced characterization (particularly new/advanced Raman spectroscopy) of organic/perovksite PV materials/devices, stability of organic/perovskite PV materials/devices, and novel/emerging applications of organic/perovskite PV cells, including for indoor application, and power generation windows.

Abstract:

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are very attractive for next generation solar cells, which can be solution processed in simple ways and imply the fabrication can be at very low cost by scalable printing/coating methods. Besides, power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as ~22% has been recently demonstrated. However, the key challenge is their generally low stability. It is important to probe and understand the degradation products and how these products affect its functionality. On the other hand, passivation effect on perovskite solar material is important as it could increase its PCE and improve its stability. It is therefore also important to probe and understand the passivation effect as well e.g. by small additional amount of Lead Iodide (PbI₂). Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique which could be used to identify and quantify chemical species, including degradation products from PSCs, such as PbI₂. However, it does not answer questions such as how the formation of PbI₂ affects its photo-physical properties (e.g. photoluminescence (PL)) and photocurrent generation. Here, we developed a simultaneous multi-mapping technique (Raman, PL, and photocurrent mapping) with spatial resolution of ~ 1 µm. This novel and advanced technique allows study on how the degradation product affect is local PL and photocurrent (ion migration). As examples, we show here the effect of dark electrical bias on PSCs and selective photo-degradation (and also likely photo-passivation) of PSCs. The unique information is difficult to be obtained by other characterization techniques, and could be extended to study other type of solar cells.

Biography:

Adewole O Mayowa is currently working at Atlantic International University, USA. He has several publications in reputed journals belongs to Material science and engineering. He has attended several national and international conferences during his PhD.

Abstract:

By the 'Feynman - Kac formula, a solution to the schroedinger wave equation can be represented in terms of the wiener process, its mathematical prominence in diverse fields comprising; ‘control theory and the mathematical theory of stochastics’ applications cannot be undermined. It is known that light, or photon traverses via a random path in a material medium, based on the feynman-kac formula, an integral path derivation has been made. A numerical experiment has been done in our previous investigation and presented for the trajectory and fluence calculation of photon in an anisotropic biological medium based on the selected optical constants. We have extended our results from numerical experimentation by including extended version ‘monte carlo’ generated results based on the selected optical parameters

Biography:

Abdeen Mustafa Omer (BSc, MSc, PhD) is an associate researcher at Energy Research Institute (ERI). He obtained both his PhD degree in the built environment and master of philosophy degree in renewable energy technologies from the university of nottingham. He is qualified mechanical engineer with a proven track record within the water industry and renewable energy technologies. He has been graduated from university of El menoufia, Egypt, BSc in mechanical engineering. His previous experience involved being a member of the research team at the national council for research/energy research institute in Sudan and working director of research and development for national water equipment manufacturing Co. Ltd., Sudan. He has been listed in the book “who’s who”  in the World 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. He has published over 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 200 review articles, 7 books and 150 chapters in books.

Abstract:

The rapid growth during the last decade has been accompanied by active construction, which in some instances neglected the impact on the environment and human activities. Policies to promote the rational use of electric energy and to preserve natural non-renewable resources are of paramount importance. Low energy design of urban environment and buildings in densely populated areas requires consideration of wide range of factors, including urban setting, transport planning, energy system design and architectural and engineering details. The focus of the world’s attention on environmental issues in recent years has stimulated response in many countries, which have led to a closer examination of energy conservation strategies for conventional fossil fuels. One way of reducing building energy consumption is to design buildings, which are more economical in their use of energy for heating, lighting, cooling, ventilation and hot water supply. However, exploitation of renewable energy in buildings and agricultural greenhouses can, also, significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This will also contribute to the amelioration of environmental conditions by replacing conventional fuels with renewable energies that produce no air pollution or greenhouse gases. This study describes various designs of low energy buildings. It also, outlines the effect of dense urban building nature on energy consumption, and its contribution to climate change. Measures, which would help to save energy in buildings, are also presented.

Biography:

Zhe LI  has completed his PhD in early 2012 from university of cambridge and postdoctoral studies from imperial college of london in 2014. Later on he joined swansea university as a research fellow (2014-2016) and senior research fellow (2016-2017).  He is now a lecturer in energy materials at school of engineering, cardiff university. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and holder of 1 industrial patent.

Abstract:

Environmental stability is a common challenge for thecommercialisation of low cost, encapsulation-free organic opto-electronicdevices. Understanding the role of materials degradation is the key to addressthis challenge, but most such studies have been limited to conjugated polymers. Here we quantitatively study the role of the common fullerene derivative PCBM in limiting the stability of benchmark organic solar cells, showing that aminor fraction (<1%) of photo-oxidised PCBM, induced by short exposure toeither solar or ambient laboratory lighting conditions in air, relevant to typical processing and operating conditions, is sufficient to compromise device performance severely. We identify the effects of photo-oxidation of PCBM on its chemical structure, and connect this to specific changes in its electronicstructure, which significantly alter the electron transport and recombinationkinetics. The effect of photo-oxidation on device current-voltagecharacteristics, electron mobility and density of states could all be explained with the same model of photoinduced defects acting as trap states. Our resultsdemonstrate that the photochemical instability of PCBM and chemically similarfullerenes remains a barrier for the commercialisation of organicopto-electronic devices.

Biography:

Prathyushakrishna Macha was currently working at university of Massachusetts. During her PhD studies she participated in many National and International conferences. She published many journals in the field of Biotechnology and Bio Medical Engineering

Abstract:

Self-assembly of molecules into ordered structures has been widely studied and is a basis of formation of numerous nanostructures.  In our project, we have synthesized aromatic peptide-based nanotubes via solution-phase self-assembly using dityrosine and tryptophan-tyrosine monomers. The morphological features were studied using confocal,  scanning electron microscopy, for the thermal behavior we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas for the chemical composition FTIR, RAMAN, CD spectroscopy, and powder x-ray diffraction. Later, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (an eco-friendly and solvent-free method) was used to synthesize the nanotubes and comparisons were made between former and later methods.

Insights into the biological interactions were obtained using the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12) and human cells. We used MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for cytotoxicity, dopamine-enzyme linked immunesorbent assay and RT-PCR for gene studies. Finally, Quantum chemical computational methods were used to study the molecular interactions in self-assembly

Biography:

Hao Gong completed his PhD 26 years ago from delft university of technology, the Netherlands.  He is a full professor at department of materials science and technology, national university of singapore. He has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and has served as reviewers for more than 30 internation journals including nature communications, advanced materials, nano letter, ACS Nano, JACS, etc. He is an editorial board member of scientific reports, and guest editors of some special issues of a few jounals. He has been chairman for a few international conferences

Abstract:

Transparent conductors and semiconductors have crucially important roles in applications for such as light emitting and light harvesting electronic devices including tv and computer display panels and solar cells. A metal is conducting but light cannot go through due to its almost zero band gap. On the other hand, a glass is transparent but not electrically conducting due to its large band gap. Driven by the great demand of transparent plus conducting materials in various current and future applications, a special type of material, transparent conductors/semicondutors, has been developed. Typical examples are ITO (indium tind oxide) and aluminium doped ZnO which are widely used as front electrodes for  display panels and solar cells, owing to their optically transparent and eletrical conducting properties. Another less developed and more difficult filed is  the active transparent semisonductor materials for various p-n junction devices. The major challenge is  the development of performing  p-type transparent  semiconductors. In this presentation, both n-type and p-type semiconductor based on metal oxide and oxychalcogenide will be introduced, analyzed and discussed. Wide gap oxides have been intensively investigated as the potential transparent conductors (TCOs) and semiconductors (TCSs). A wide gap greater than 3 eV makes the material transparent in the visible light wavelength. However, the wide gap makes the material to be insulator generally. To make the material transparent optically and conducting electrically, great efforts have been made for decades. A lot of the TCOs and TSOs are impurity-incorporated oxides but they are usually n-type. P-type TCSs are very important in a wide range of electronic applications. For instance, p-type TCOs are reported to be more suitable for several device applications due to higher work function. More importantly, transparent electronics, which is a promising technology in our next generation display, needs high performance p-type TCOs to be functional to form p-n junctions.

Biography:

Svetlana R. Lukić-Petrović is full professor in the field of condensed matter physics at the university of novi sad, faculty of sciences, department of physics. She is the chair of the laboratory for condensed matter physics and the head organizer of the teaching process for the study module material physics at master and phd levels. Prof. Lukić-Petrović is a member of the International Forum of Chalcogeniders. She has published more than 100 papers in international journals and has participated at many domestic and international conferencess, debates and workshops. The total number of her citations is 556 and h-index is 12.

Abstract:

Determination of mechanical response of amorphous thin films against surface damages due to indenting force of is of a great interest for practical applications, especially considering the existing knowledge of their general brittleness. Metallurgical microscopy is a widely used method in determining the hardness of different materials. In case of thin film forms this technique often faces many difficulties. In order to investigate the possibilities and limitations of applying this technique on amorphous thin films two thin film samples were prepared: three component Cu₁₅As₅₀Se₃₅ film and four component Cu₁As_38.1Se_53.5I_7.4 film. The value of Vickers micro hardness was determined on the basis of the dimensions of the plastic micro-imprint of the vickers indenter into the sample. The obtained results were then compared with those obtained by the use of more precise technique which is to date regarded as the most suitable for investigating the thin film forms: instrumented indentation testing. The micro indentations and load-displacement curves were recorded in three randomly selected points on the surface of each investigated sample, considering possible variations of mechanical properties. The results have shown significant differences in obtained values of vickers hardness when two different indentation techniques were used. Additional effects that can influence the precision of measurements by metallurgical microscopy (pile up, indentation creep and crack formation) were detected

Biography:

Mohammad Norouzi obtained his M. Eng. in 2012 and he studies his Ph.D. in biomedical engineering at university of Manitoba. His research activities have been mainly focused on novel drug delivery systems for cancer therapy as well as tissue engineering. He has also presented over 30 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences worldwide.

Abstract:

Glioblastoma multiforme conventional treatments have not been efficacious to ameliorate the median survival of the patients which stems from the blood brain barrier (BBB) effect and the high rate of tumor recurrence. Localized drug delivery at the surgical resection margin via implantable electrospun nanofibers can not only circumvent the BBB, but also diminish the rate of tumor recurrence. Furthermore, implantable nanofibers can lessen the systemic exposure and toxicity of the chemotherapeutics, while providing high concentrations of them at the tumor vicinity and thereby elevating the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, PLGA nanofibers (NFs, avg. diameter 170±57 nm) containing salinomycin (Sali), as a chemotherapeutic agent, were fabricated by electro spinning. Salinomycin was sustainably released from the nanofibers in a 2-week period. The NFs+Sali was found to be effective induce over 50% apoptosis in human glioblastoma U-251 cells and effectively decrease their proliferation upon a 48-hour treatment. Moreover, analysis of surviving U251 cells indicated the NFs+Sali had upregulated expression of Rbl1 and Rbl2 tumor suppressor genes as well as caspase 3, which can lead to caspase-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, the results indicated higher anti-tumor activity of the NFs+Sali in comparison to free salinomycin which can be attributed to the gradual release of the drug from the nanofibers. This suggests potential applications of the NFs+Sali as implantable drug delivery systems in the brain upon surgical resection of the tumor.

Biography:

Tahani received MSci degree in nonotechnology and microsystms at heriot-watt university. She is curruntly styding her PhD at the universty of manchester with Prof. Paul O'Brien where her work focuses on metal chalcogenides for photovoltaic applications.

Abstract:

Antimony(III) ethylxanthate [Sb(S₂COEt)₃] and bismuth(III) ethylxanthate [Bi(S₂COEt)₃] were used as a single source precursor for the preparation of Sb₂S₃ and Bi₂S₃, respectively, by a melt method at different temperatures. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis reveals that both precursors exhibit complete decomposition in similar temperature range. Therefore, the mixture of these precursors can be used to produce solid solutions of Bi-Sb-S between the two phases (Bi₂S₃ and Sb₂S₃). A series with varying stoichiometry was synthesized by using different molar ratios (i.e. Sb/Sb+Bi = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8). The XRD peaks at all ratios correspond well to the orthorhombic crystals, where the peaks fall in between those of orthorhombic Bi₂S₃ and orthorhombic Sb₂S₃ for Bi-Sb-S system. The gradual splitting and shift in the peaks position confirms the successful incorporation of antimony into bismuth sulfide. The inclusion of antimony was further confirmed by change in lattice parameters and is in good agreement with the literature values. A decrease of almost 3.5 % in volume was observed as moving from Bi₂S₃ to Sb₂S₃. A change in all lattice parameters indicates that the substitution is random and not in any specific direction. The elemental compositions of all the samples were examined via EDX analysis and ICP- OES, which shows uniform distribution of elements in all samples. The morphology for all the samples was observed using SEM, revealing different morphologies as the composition changes from Bi₂S₃ to Sb₂S₃.

Biography:

Laura Floroian received her B.SC degree in physics at university of bucharest, romania in 1995 and she is currently associate professor at transilvania university of brasov, romania. Her current research interests cover biomaterials fields, optical sensor for cell detection, biosensors for biological compounds and toxic compounds, advanced techniques for thin films deposition and advanced techniques for surface characterization. Dr. Floroian is a member of many scientific societies: SRF – romanian society of physics, romanian society of automation and technical informatics (SRAIT), national society for medical engineering and biological technology (SNMITB) and international association of online engineering (IAOE).

Abstract:

We report on the transfer of double layered  bioactive glass / polymer composites by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation to uniform thin layers onto stainless steel implant. The deposition was made in two steps and the influence of the deposition process on nanomaterials structures was studied. Cryogenic targets containing PMMA (first) and antimicrobial natural extract reinforced with bioglass powders (second) were submitted to multipulse ablation with an UV KrF* (λ=248 nm, t ~ 25 ns) excimer laser source. The main advantages with this nanostructures are multiple: stopping any leakage of metal and metal oxides to the biological fluids and finally to inner organs (by polymer use), speeding up osteointegration (by bioactive glass use), antimicrobial effect (by natural antibiotics use) and decreasing of the implant price (by cheaper stainless steel use). The behaviour of bioactive glass / polymer / stainless steel structure in condition which simulates the physiological environment was evaluated in vitro by complementary techniques. The bioactivity and the release of the antibiotic were assessed by immersion into simulated body fluid and monitoring by FTIR and UV-VIS spectrometry and electrochemical measurements involving corrosion and EIS studies were carried out in order to investigate the corrosion resistance. The biological properties were tested including the microbial viability using Gram - and Gram + bacterial strains, the microbial adherence and the cytotoxicity on eukariotic cells.

Biography:

Getachew Muleta Fanta was a senior lecturer, researcher at Arba Minch University for 8 years ago now I was a PhD Candidate in Materials Science and Engineering (Polymer Engineering stream) doing a research project on All- Polymer Solar Cells: Structure-Property Relationship and he was very interested to join with professors to work together from the conference on his project. I was published 3 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

The photovoltaic technologies can contribute not only to the environmentally friendly renewable energy production but also to the reduction of the carbon dioxide emission associated with fossil fuels and biomass. Specifically, as an emerging photovoltaic technology, we can mention the polymer solar cells based on conjugated polymer/molecule blend materials. These polymer solar cells have received tremendous attention in the past two decades due to their potentials to be environmentally safe, flexible, lightweight, inexpensive, and efficient devices. The most important characteristic of a polymer blend of two (or more) polymers is the phase behavior. Polymer blends (like low molecular weight solvents) can exhibit miscibility or phase separation and various levels of mixing in between the extremes (e.g., partial miscibility). Conjugated polymers are potential materials for photovoltaic applications due to their high absorption coefficient, mechanical flexibility, and solution-based processing for low-cost solar cells. A bulk heterojunction structure made of donor–acceptor composite can lead to high charge transfer and power conversion efficiency. Active layer morphology is a key factor for device performance. The power conversion efficiencies of all-polymer solar cells have been improved up to ~7% and it is believed that there is still a room for further improvement if we could adjust the energy levels of a semiconducting polymer for harvesting more photon energies. Furthermore, compared with the conventional polymer/fullerene solar cells, all-polymer solar cells can exhibit much better mechanical strength and stability, because the polymer acceptor is not only intrinsically more ductile than the fullerene but also it can be entangled with other polymers within the acceptor domains and at the interface. Hence, the all-polymer solar cells are believed to be better candidates than the polymer/fullerene solar cells, for applications, especially in flexible and portable electronics. My review paper includes: part-I: Conjugated Polymer/Fullerene Phase Diagram (P3HT: PCBM, MDMOPPV: PCBM, MEH-PPV: PCBM), part-II: Conjugated Polymer/Solvent Phase Diagram (P3HT: CB), and part-III: Low Bandgap Polymer/Fullerene Phase Diagram (PCPDTBT: PCBM) - correlation of phase diagram and device performance. A key requirement for efficient charge separation and collection is the formation of interconnected phase-separated domains structured on the sub-20nm length scale. The photoactive layer of organic solar cells consists of a nanoscale blend of electron-donating and electron-accepting organic semiconductors. Controlling the degree of phase separation between these components is crucial to reach efficient solar cells.

Biography:

Svetlana R. Lukić-Petrović is full professor in the field of condensed matter physics at the university of novi sad, faculty of sciences, department of physics. She is the chair of the laboratory for condensed matter physics and the head organizer of the teaching process for the study module material physics at master and phd levels. Prof. Lukić-Petrović is a member of the International Forum of Chalcogeniders. She has published more than 100 papers in international journals and has participated at many domestic and international conferencess, debates and workshops. The total number of her citations is 556 and h-index is 12.

Abstract:

Electrical conduction mechanism of amorphous Ag_0.5(As₄₀S₃₀Se₃₀)_99.5 chalcogenide alloy prepared by a melt–quenching technique has been investigated using the complex impedance spectroscopy at different temperatures in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz. The detailed analysis of impedance spectra by means of an equivalent circuit model revealed the presence of temperature dependent electrical relaxation phenomenon of the non–Debye type as well as negative temperature coefficient of resistance behaviour. The nature of frequency dependence of AC conductivity follows the jonscher's power law, while DC conductivity data follows Arrhenius behaviour with the activation energy of 0.944 eV

Biography:

Sharmin is currently employed as an assistant professor in the university of nottingham Ningbo China in the department of chemical and environmental engineering. Her field of expertise is fibre reinforced composites for biomedical, marine and aerospace applications. Her current research is focused on the use of phosphate glass fibres to reinforce bioresorbable polymers for bone fracture fixation applications. Dr.Sharmin completed her PhD in materials engineering and materials design from the university of nottingham UK. Dr Sharmin has published more than 15 papers on biomaterials.

Abstract:

For the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in using glasses for biomedical applications. Phosphate based glasses (PBGs) are known to show good bioactive characteristics and could be potentially used as favourable templates for bone-tissue formation. Phosphate glasses are unique group of materials that offer great potential for hard and soft tissue engineering over other types of bioactive glasses due to their fully resorbable characteristics, with some formulations possessing chemical composition similar to the mineral phase of natural bone. The biocompatibility of these glasses is hugely affected by the glass composition which could be easily altered via the addition of different modifying oxided. The main aim of this current work was to establish a relationship between the ion release and cytocompatibility of PBGs. Different modified oxides (Fe₂O₃, B₂O₃, SrO) were added to the glasses in order to observe the effect of composition on the durability of the glasses. Ion release studies were conducted using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopic method. In order to observe the relationship between the ion release, degradation rate and cytocompatibility of the glasses cell culture studies were conducted using human osteoblast like (MG63) cell lines. It was revealed that the glasses containing both B₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ maintained and showed higher cell viability as compared to the only Fe₂O₃ or B₂O₃ or SrO containing glasses. This positive effect of glass composition on the cytocomapatibility properties of PBGs was mainly associated with the degradation rate and corresponding ion release.

Biography:

Fatemeh Zabihi is a faculty member in college of material science and engineering in DHU. She has been working as postdoc fellow and senior researcher in university of michigan-shanghai jiao tong university joint institute from 2012-2014. According to her strong chemical and engineering background her multidisciplinary research is focused on thin film technology and thin film solar cells, solution processing and solution engineering, surface sciences and surface phenomena, coating and spray phyrolysis, Thermodynamic and Phase Equilibrium studies.

Abstract:

Over recent few years special attentions to the low-dimensional materials with large specific surface area, such as thin films and nano fibers has significantly improved the performance of advance optoelectronic devices.  High demands for design and development of low cost and portable energy sources has drawn tremendous interests in low cost and flexible photovoltaic cells. Here we introduce a new configuration for perovskite solar cell (PSCs), employing SnO₂ nano fibers, as electron-selective layer. Traditionally the charge selective layers in tandem PSCs are made of inorganic components such as metal oxides and their hybrids, which require expensive and high energy-consuming casting strategies like CVD or solution deposition, followed by sever thermal annealing. Incorporating the carbon derivatives such as fluorine and PCBM have been widely reported, however carbon materials suffers from the mismatch of band alignment, suppressing efficient charge extraction and significant loss of Voc. In this report SnO₂ nano-fibers are prepared at room temperature, using an advanced electro spinning procedure. Nano-fibers are deposited on a flat substrate which is subjected to an intensive ultrasonic vibration (40 kHz). Acoustic streams and waves induced by ultrasonic vibration can control the dimensions of nano-and evenly disperse them over the substrate, making a Fibrous thin film, which is integrated into a perovskite solar cells as the ETL, and the scaffold layer for controlling the crystallization of upcoming perovskite layer. This novel architecture benefits from the large surface area and robust charge transfer offered by SnO₂ nano-fibers. In the meantime, the fibrous SnO₂ layer made at low temperature will be quite compatible with high efficient flexible solar cells. This approach holds great promises for production of paper-based and plastic-based energy reservoirs.

Biography:

Nasr Bensalah, (45 years) is a professor of analytical and environmental chemistry with the department of chemistry and earth sciences, at college of arts and sciences, Qatar University. His research interests are focused mainly on the diverse applications of electrochemical technologies for energy storage, water treatment, and chemical analysis. This includes developing new materials for electrochemical storage devices and new technologies for water/wastewater treatment to address problems of local, regional and global importance. He has published more than 60 papers in peer-reviewed international journals and he has supervised 12 MSc-students and 8 PhD- students

Abstract:

Lithium (Li)-ion batteries have proven to be vital in meeting the critical challenges of integrating renewable energy sources into a smart electrical grid as well as replacing internal combustion car engines with environmentally friendly electrical motors. To be cost-competitive, such applications require significantly reduced cost and increased energy density of the Li-ion cells beyond state of the art. The energy density of such cells depends on the volumetric capacity of their electrodes. Silicon (Si) - based anodes and fluoride (F) - based cathodes demonstrate great potential for the revolutionary enhancements in the energy storage of Li-ion cells. Unfortunately, these materials also suffer from several shortcomings, such as high electrical resistivity, low Li diffusivity and significant volume change during the battery operation, which limit their stability and power characteristics. By rationally nano-engineering the building blocks for these electrodes, we will overcome these limitations while delivering over 80 % of their theoretical capacity. We report herein the successful methodology to produce uniform size-controlled mixed metal fluorides nanocomposites. The independent and precise control over the cathode composition and morphology allowed us to detect that the initial cathode charge-transfer resistance determines the rate of capacity fading with cycling. Systematic electrochemical measurements in combination with post-mortem analyses led to the conclusion that the cathode stability strongly depends on the ability to prevent formation and growth of a resistive cathode solid electrolyte interphase (CEI), which, in turn, strongly depends on the metal composition. Metal difluoride cathodes were paired with CNT/Si nanocomposites anodes and were tested in full cells. Our findings will help to establish a way to developing Si-based anodes//MFs-based cathodes for commercial LIBs

Biography:

Mohamed Mahmoud Hassan Abdalla is currently working at Arabian International Company, Arabia. He has several publications in reputed journals belongs to Material science and engineering. He has attended several national and international conferences during his studies

Abstract:

Joining of dissimilar materials has found a wide use especially in power plants, nuclear reactors, chemical and gas industries; this will produce a desirable properties and weight reduction. However, the welding of dissimilar metal faces big challenges due to the difference in the thermo mechanical, chemical and physical properties of the two metals to be joined following one welding procedure. Unsymmetrical deformation has been observed with respect to the plane of the joint interface; the formation of intermetallic compound may increase the sensitivity for the cracks and reduce the ductility as well increasing the susceptibility to corrosion. Tungsten Inert gas TIG welding is one of the possible processes in order to join dissimilar metals such as steel and aluminum alloys by conducting self-brazing technique due to its possibility to produce partial penetration weld in steel sheet. Currently, welding-brazing of steel to aluminum alloys has become a point of research method in heterogeneous metals joining, which includes ARC welding brazing and laser welding-brazing with the filler metal. Dissimilar weld is mainly required to form different chemical and physical properties of metals; this is to reduce the material cost, increase the performance and minimize the susceptibility to failure and maintenance. Nowadays there is a high demand of the use of welding techniques to join dissimilar metals, mainly ferrous with non-ferrous.

Biography:

Yi-ting Chang is a graduate student in a master’s program in materials science and engineering of national tsing hua university, hsinchu, Taiwan. She is now studying the impact and wears characteristics of high entropy hardfacing alloys, trying to find better materials for replacement of HCCIs in cement industries

Abstract:

High chromium cast irons (HCCIs) are excellent wear-resistant materials and have been widely used as a hardfacing alloy for wear-affected equipment operated under extreme conditions, such as facilities in the slurry pumping systems used in the oil sands handling, mineral processing, coal and cement industries. In the previous research, we fabricate hardfacing alloys AlCrFeMnNiMoBCNb with abrasive wear resistance of 12.5 m/mm³, which beyond 6 times the abrasive wear resistance of HCCIs. In this study, based on the previous study AlCrFeMnNiMoBCNb alloy, we research the effect of each element of the AlCrFeMnNiMoBCNb alloy by eliminating each element independently. In addition, we utilize taguchi methods by adjusting the content of Al, Mn and Ni (by decreasing Cr) elements to further improve the wear resistance, which found that Cr was the key element to the wear characteristics of new hardfacing alloys. Furthermore, by increasing Cr element, we significantly enhance the abrasive wear resistance of new hardfacing alloys up to 24.5 m/mm³, which beyond 12 times of HCCIs.

Biography:

Cheng-Ying Lee majors in materials science engineering at national tsing hua university and specializes in thermal management. At the early stage of her research work was raising the thermal conductivity of diamond/Cu Composites as heat spreader. In recent days, she focuses developing using low melting point alloy as thermal interface material to increase thermal transfer efficiency. She expects her research result will be more competitive than current commercial products

Abstract:

Diamond/Cu composites for the use of heat spreader were fabricated via pressureless liquid phase sintering process. Minor-addition of Zr was added into the matrix to improve the wettability between diamonds and Cu matrix. A high thermal conductivity of 716 W/m·K was obtained for the 50 vol% diamond/Cu composite. Composites fabricated by Cu/Zr flake method can reduce the surface roughness from 35 μm to 1.6 μm, which is suitable for joining with commercial substrates. AlN, Si, and Al₂O₃ substrates were joined with composites by commercial lead-free solder paste and liquid metal. Liquid metal joined packages had great performance opposite to the solder pasted ones with the highest thermal conductivity of 342 W/m·K in the couple of the Si substrate. For AlN, Si and Al₂O₃ substrate joined packages, average thermal conductivity were 299, 322 and 148 W/m·K, respectively. On the reliability of thermal cycle tests for joining packages, the lower thermal cycle (25-85 °C) was to simulate the operating environment and the higher thermal cycle (25-200 °C) for fabricating environment. It showed great reliability with above 78% residue thermal conductivity after lower temperature 1000 thermal cycles and 79% after higher temperature 5 thermal cycles.

Biography:

I am Hanaa Dawoud has completed her bacholar degree at the age of 23 years from Qatar University and expected to graduate June 2018 from master studies. I am a researcher assistante in material science and technology department in Qatar university working in project related to supercapacitors. I have published two papers related to the same field. 

Abstract:

The depletion of fossil fuel and global warming concerns related to burning fossil fuel has increased the demand for progress in high-performance energy conversion and energy storage devices. For this reason, flexible all solid CNTs/MnO₂ hybrid electrode produced hybrid supercapacitors have been assembled for first time via RF magnetron sputtering technique to deposit MnO₂ at carbon nanotube (CNTs) composite layer.The electrode synthesis has been done in two steps, CNTs sheet produced via floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD), followed by the deposition of MnO₂ on CNTs sheet by RF magnetron sputtering. The significant aspect of sputtered MnO₂ material is that it binds directly to CNTs without any binder’s requirement. In this case, the areal capacitance is increased with great stability over long cycling. CNTs electrode worked as a current collector and CNTs/MnO₂ composite film operated as an active layer. The surface morphology and microstructure of the CNTs and CNTs/MnO₂ electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the 1 µm thick MnO₂ film covered the upper surface of CNTs sheet with a mass loading of MnO₂ reaches 0.125 mg/cm². Moreover, the electrochemical measurements of the CNTs/MnO₂ sheet in 1 M of Na₂SO₄ were examined via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The CNTs/MnO₂ electrode showed the highest specific capacitance of CV (1676 F/g at 5 mV/s) and excellent performance of specific capacitance and cyclic stability with capacitance retention of 98.4% after 600 cycles from charge/discharge process. In a two-electrode system with a PVA/H₃PO₄/CNTs/MnO₂ symmetric capacitor, the initial capacitance decreased by only 33% after 500 cycles.

Biography:

Mrinmoy Misra is an assistant professor at the department of bio Nano technology, Gachon University, South Korea. He graduated with a PhD from academy of scientific & innovative research, India. He has received awards such as Indian institute of technology Kanpur postdoctoral fellowship, 2015, award of science & engineering research board (SERB) national post-doctoral fellowship, 2016. His research interests include thin-film fabrication, nanomaterial based senor, photo catalytic materials, nanoparticle synthesis and characterization and solar cells. Dr. Misra has authored 13 research articles in SCI journals.

Abstract:

In this paper, we generate piezoelectricity in one-directionally aligned bi-axially grown ZnO nanorods.  The applied force is horizontal to the polarization direction. The piezophototronic induced voltage generation from a bending radius is experimentally measured for ZnO NRs. The combination of photo catalytic effect and piezoelectrochemical phenomenon of ZnO NRs has been used for the degradation of an organic pollutant in the aqueous medium. The mechanical stress creates a polar charge field on the surface of ZnO NRs, which acts as a driving force to enhance the charge separation of photo generated electron and hole pairs. Subsequently, the charge separation increases the photo catalytic activity of ZnO NRs. Further coumarin (COU), used as a fluorescent probe for the purpose of detection and measurement of OH^. Radical is generated during photo catalysis process. The synergistic effect of strain-induced chemical reactions and UV photo catalytic activity can deliver a lucrative approach for degradation of organic pollutants. In addition, this work exhibits an exciting new model of a piezophototronic device.

Biography:

Vijay Raj Singh currently working at Central University of Kashmir in India, during his carrier he participated in many national and International conferences and published many Journals in the field of Material science and engineering

Abstract:

We show the ability of soft x-ray irradiation to induce room temperature metal insulator transitions (MITs) in VO2 thin films grown on R-plane sapphire. The ability of soft x-rays to induce MIT in VO2 thin films is confirmed by photoemission spectroscopy and soft x-ray spectroscopy measurements. When irradiation was discontinued, the systems do not return to the insulating phase. Analysis of valence band photoemission spectra revealed that the density of states (DOSs) of the V 3d band increased with irradiation time, while the DOS of the O 2p band decreased. We use these results to propose a model in which the MIT is driven by oxygen desorption from thin films during irradiation

Biography:

Vaishali singh received her Ph.D. in chemistry from university of Delhi, India in 1992. Presently working as professor in university school basic and applied sciences, guru gobind singh indraprastha university, New Delhi, India. She is the currently the co-ordinater of M.Tech nano science and technology program sponsored by nanomission, DST, govt. of India. Her current field of interest lies in soft-route synthesis of nanomaterials, nanocomposites and mesoporous systems, particularly used for sensing applications. She has 17 publications in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with ordered  pore diameters have been synthesized by soft template route. High surface area and pore sizes ranging between 2-50 nm make them effective humidity sensors. Doping of metal oxides in these nanoparticles further enchances sensing characterstics. Mesoporous silica have been doped with alkali metal halides, LiCl and KCl and it has been found that with increased concentration of the dopant, the resistance decreases. Mesoporous silica was taken as hard template for synthesizing porous crystalline transition metal oxide, Fe₂O₃ which has been further studied for its humidity sensing response. The samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultaviolet-Visible Spcetroscopy (UV-Vis), Small angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The surface area and pore size distribution of the as-synthesized materials has been determined from N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms.

Biography:

Phani Prasanthi  has completed her PhD at the age of 32 years from jawaharlal nehru technological university ananthapur and she has published more than 30 papers in reputed jornals.

Abstract:

Composite materials find many applications in various fields of engineering, ranging from aerospace to civil constructions, automobile to marine engineering. The careful design of these materials demands great efforts to avoid catastrophic failure of these materials under real working conditions. The present study deals with the analysis of turbo-machinery blades made of composite material with pre-existed cracks. Blades are the key structural units in turbo machinery of the aeronautical and aerospace industries. The behavior of composite blades in turbo-machinery is depending on many parameters such as stacking sequence of composite laminate, and type of reinforcement using for the laminate. The effect of these design parameters on the structural behavior of composite blade is studied with the support of finite element method. Even with the careful consideration of above parameters, the composite blade performance deteriorates with the delamination. By knowing the performance of composite blades with preexisted cracks, the analyzer will get able to modify the design of the plate in existing working conditions. The aim of the present work is to explore the behavior of composite blade by varying types of reinforcement and laminate sequence with the preexisted crack using finite element method. The finite element (FE) models of composite blades with cracks are generated with ANSYS. The variation of normal, shear stresses is evaluated from finite element models. The FE models are validated with published results. The Present work is used for the effective design of turbo-machinery blades with preexisted cracks

Biography:

Currently he is working as a lecturer in koya university for the modules like “design of machine elements and mechanics of materials” his research involved in the fields of woven composite materials, nano composite materials, polymers and representative volume element.  

Abstract:

Woven composite materials are receiving more interest in different fields of engineering due to ease of manufacture and ease of orientation allowing designers to set the stiffness and strength in desired directions. This research includes optimization of the mechanical properties of woven composite materials consist of woven carbon fibre reinforced thermoset polymer. Also, it explores the effect of adding nanosilica to the woven composite material. The mechanical properties are optimized based on the direction of the laminates of woven glass fibre with in the polymer.  For that purpose, experimental and numerical methods were used. Experimentally, composites of woven glass fibre reinforced thermoset polymer of polyester were fabricated with using hand lay-up method with different orientation of the plies. Also, particles of nanosilica were added to the woven composite material to find its influence on the mechanical properties of the woven composite. Numerical method with using Ansys workbench (ACP) 18.0 was used to model woven composite materials in macro level. Several analyses were carried out on the woven composite materials with different loading direction and laminate orientation. From that, the results were compared to find the highest mechanical properties from different laminate orientation and loading direction.

Biography:

I am Riyadh A Badr, completed PhD at the age of 35 years from mechanical engineering - school of mechatronic engineering, university malaysia perlis, malaysia (UinMAP). Associate dean of the school of engineering, university of samarra. I has published more than 31 papers in reputed journals and 8 conferences

Abstract:

Hypoeutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are widely used in the automotive and aerospace, as they have interesting properties such as excellent wear resistance, high strength to weight ratio and low coefficient of thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, excellent fluidity and good casting. The piston and engine blocks made of hypereutectic alloys such as A390 were under production. However the surface of piston and engine blocks had machinability problems because of the presence of large and hard primary silicon particles. The potential savings from replacing the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys can be realised through cost savings from machining as in the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys does not have primary silicon particles which result in high tool wear during machining. Replacing the Al-Si alloy engine block with cast iron liners with a monolithic design made of eutectic Al-Si alloys can save weight of the engine block. In addition, many expensive commercial solutions have been developed over the years. Thus, development of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys such as A383 alloys linerless engines to overcome the costs of production of pistons and engine blocks of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. This has created a need to understand the tribological properties of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy at lubricated friction conditions at low loads that simulate the microstructural evolution during normal engine operation and can be a potential replacement of the expensive hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. Therefore, the study of the tribological performance is of great importance in order to optimize the properties of piston alloy for automotive engines. However, all of the tribological properties of Al-Si alloys and sliding depend on many factors, such as normal load, sliding speed, and test geometry, surface hardness, surface roughness, operating conditions.

Current research seeks to achieve the following objectives:

1. To investigate the effects of surface roughness and ultra-mild wear mechanisms of Al-Si alloys at 25 °C in order to compare the characteristics of the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys.

2. To investigate the effect of dry and lubricated sliding condition of Al-Si Alloys, silicon content and particle size on the tribological properties of Al-Si alloys.

3. To evaluate the effect of heat treatment in Al-Si alloys.

4. To develop a surface hardness using spraying in the Al-Si alloys.

5. To evaluate the behavior of the effect of nanometric tungsten disulphide (WS₂) nanoparticles in the conventional oil and the tribology behavior of hypo-and hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloys under severe contact conditions

Biography:

Muhammad Umar Manzoor graduated in metallurgy & materials Science engineering in 2001 from university of the Punjab, Lahore. In 2008, after completing M.Sc. engineering in metallurgical & materials engineering, he has been awarded Vice Chancellor Research Scholarship (VCRS) scholarship to pursue his PhD studies in university of Ulster, UK. After completing his PhD, he joined COMSATS institute of information technology, Lahore in 2013 as an assistant professor, then joined his parent department, Department of metallurgy & materials engineering, university of the Punjab, Lahore as an assistant professor in 2014. He has also secured British council researchers link travel grant in 2015 to conduct a research project in UK. Beside his own research, he is actively engaged in B.Sc. and M.Sc. final year research projects. The research work has published in numerous national and international peer reviewed journals

Abstract:

Surfactants are an important component in watts bath. In the current study we examined the effect of surfactant in watt bath for nickel electroplating. Dodecyl sulphate salt, an anionic surfactant as wetting agent in the nickel electroplating bath was used to retard the pitting action because of its amphiphilic characteristics. 240gL^-1 boric acid and 30gL^-1 nickel chloride with different concentration of 5, 15, 30gL^-1 at constant temperature was used. Sodium dodecyl sulphate was added into the nickel bath with varying concentration of 0 to 5gL^-1. The current density for an hour is 2.5 Adm^-2 and Ee is 66^oC. To study the thickness of electroplating, optical microscopic method was employed. The quantitative measurement of the adhesion of the nickel plating with the substrate was measured by the heat quench test method following ASTM B571. On different composition of nickel electroplated samples, salt spray test was also performed with 5% NaCl solution of 35^oC temperature. Electrochemical corrosion testing was performed for 50gL^-1 NaCl solution with a pH of 3.2. The results depict that if the anionic surfactant is increased, the pitting on the substrate is rendered which produces a smooth surface on the electroplated specimen hence it can be concluded that the performance of the nickel electroplating bath is improved by sodium dodecyl sulphate

Biography:

Sukanta Das has completed his MTech from indian institute of technology kharagpur and completed his PhD from institute of technology (ISM) dhanbad, India. Working as a Scientist for last fifteen years in defence research & development organization (DRDO), India. Published reserach work in several  reputed journals. At present involve in project named development of wide band RADAR absorbing materials.

Abstract:

Microwave absorbing materials is a special class of materials for airborne application pertaining to stealth technology. Microwave absorbing materials have unique ability to neutralize incident microwave energy by absorption and scattering. Performance of the absorber depends on materials, thickness and measuring frequency. Soft magnetic materials along with conducting materials are the best combination to develop effective microwave absorber within the desired frequency range. In this work nickel-iron alloy and nano copper first time attempted for microwave application. Nano nickel-iron alloy and nano copper particles were synthesized and characterized with x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis carried out to identify the elemental composition of nickel-iron alloy. Hysteresis behaviour of nickel-iron alloy studied with vibrating Sample magnetometer. The single layer composites microwave absorber with 2mm thickness was fabricated with magnetic and conducting materials and epoxy resin YD-128 and hardener TETA as matrix. Signature properties of the composite absorbers like reflection loss and transmission loss were measured with vector network analyser in x-band frequency range (1-12GHz) for comparison. Maximum reflection loss properties of nano-copper/epoxy composition shows -10.09dB at 11.75GHz and -3.6dB at 9.43GHz. Whereas nickel-iron alloy/epoxy composition shows maximum reflection loss -15.10dB at 11.75GHz and -14.04 dB at 9.5GHz. Moreover, reflection loss values for nano copper/nickel-iron alloy/ epoxy based absorber reached to -17.7dB at 11.56GHz, -16.34dB at 11.39GHz and -11.04dB at 9.13GHz. Use of both nickel-iron alloy and nano copper materials changes electromagnetic properties of microwave absorber and there is an improvement of conducting and magnetic losses.

Biography:

Omar benseghir is currently working at Energetic thermal Department,USTHB in Algeria. He participated actively in national and international conference and published many journals in the field of material science and Engineerg

Abstract:

In this work, we presented a numerical study of the phenomenon of heat transfer through the laminar, incompressible and steady mixed convection in a closed square cavity with the left vertical wall of the cavity is subjected to a warm temperature, while the right wall is considered to be cold. The horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The governing equations were discretized by finite volume method on a staggered mesh and the simple algorithm was used for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. The numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of reynolds numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1000 numbers are equal to 0.01,0.1 Richardson, 0.5,1 and 10.The analysis of the results shows a flow bicellular (two cells), one is created by the speed of the fan placed in the inner cavity, one on the left is due to the difference between the temperatures right wall and the left wall. Knowledge of the intensity of each of these cells allowed us to get an original result and the values ​​obtained from each of nuselt convection which allow to know the rate of heat transfer in the cavity. Finally we find that there is a significant influence on the position of the fan on the heat transfer (Nusselt evolution) for values ​​of Reynolds studied and for low values ​​of Richardson handed this influence is negligible for high values ​​of the latter

Biography:

Mohammad Vahedi is PhD candidate in Iran polymer and petrochemical institute, biomaterial department. He has an experience on polymeric membrane topics due to the MSc research field. As the PhD thesis and field of expertise, he is working on dynamic linkages-based hydrogels based on natural and synthetic polymers

Abstract:

Background: Hydrogels synthesized using semi-covalent interactions, exhibit shear thinning property as a major feature that makes them ideal for a variety of applications.
Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesis a novel gelatin hydrogel employing semi-covalent interactions. To this end, telechelic polyethylene glycol was functionalized with aldehyde end groups and used as a biocompatible crosslinking agent for gelatin to form a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network.
Methods: Bi-functionalized polyethylene glycol was synthesized by esterification reaction between hydroxyl-terminated-PEG and 4-formylbenzoic acid. FTIR analysis was used for verification of the product. The hydrogel fabrication was carried out by simply mixing of gelatin and the bi-functionalized PEG, both in aqueous solutions. Results: Synthesis of the bi-functionalized PEG was proven by FTIR spectroscopy by appearance of various peaks at ν (cm-1) = 3490, 2882, 1976, 1717, 1466, 1345, 1280, 1104, 961, 842. Hydrogel preparation was performed by mixing the solutions containing the gel making components (namely gelatin and the PEG dialdehyde). It was observed that the hydrogel formation was took place in less than 60 seconds.
Conclusions: In this study, a gelatin-based hydrogel was prepared by induction of semi-covalent interactions between gelatin and a bi-functionalized PEG dialdehyde. The resulted hydrogels showed shear-thinning properties that are useful for applications as injectable and/or printable materials for bio-applications. The obtained hydrogel can be used as drug delivery system, cell culture scaffolds and other applications where materials with shear thinning are required.

Biography:

Odhong O.V Edward has completed his PhD research work in technical university of Kenya in the school of mechancal and process engineering. He studied at Moi university for both his Btech and MPhl degrees graduating in 2011. He is a lecturer in mechanical engineering department in multimedia university of Kenya and previously worked  for 22 years as maintenance engineer in the ministry of water of the government of the republic of Kenya. He has published 6 Papers in reputed journals. 

Abstract:

Composite materials are widely used in civil construction, automobiles, space and aircraft applications, naval manufacturing and many others. They are manufactured by combining two dissimilar materials into a new material sharing at the interface and are better suited for a particular application  than either of the original material constituents. In this research, rice husk fibres were procured and prepared by hammer milling, heated to reduce moisture content and surface modification carried out to increase adhesion by the matrix. Polypropylene wastes were collected, shredded and used as matrix. Flat composite test pieces were produced by film stacking technique and round composite test pieces were produced by injection moulding. Destructive tests were conducted according to various respective standards and mechanical performance was compared with existing published results. Those test pieces fractured by compressive, impact and tensile destructive tests were repaired through healing by use of plant based and polymer based healing agents and then retested for recovered respective strengths. Recovered strengths were: compressive 151 MPa, impact  61 J/mm2 and  tensile 69 MPa. In comparison with strengths from pristine test pieces, the healed test pieces had sufficient strength to support their structural reuse. This research developed a repair method for fractured rice husk fibre reinforced polypropylene composite that would enable their reuse to further complement timber.

Biography:

Mahshad Mohseni is currently working at Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Iran. He published many Journals in Polymer science, Material science and Engineering. He was very much expertise in Material Characterization, Polymerization, nano composites and hybrid materials etc

Abstract:

Generally nature of the crosslinks in the networks of hydrogels such as gelatin, are classified to covalent and non-covalent. Hydrogen bonding is the most useful interactions in self-assembly. UPy (where UPy is a quadruple H-bonding motif) grafted Zn-substituted HAp was synthesized then the effects of Zn substitution on structural properties of the HAp were investigated specifically. The aim of this study was to develop novel supramolecular gelatin-based composites including modified gelatin with UPy motifs (GelUPy) and the combination of GelUPy with UPy grafted Zn-doped HAp particles to become acquainted in hard tissue regeneration Briefly GelUPy was synthesized in two steps. First, pyrimidinone was reacted with hexadiisocyanate (UPy precursor). Second, Gelatin and the UPy precursor were reacted to yield modified gelatin and also ZnHApUPy nanoparticles were synthesized for the same. In FTIR spectrum of GelUPy, a peak was appeared at 1659cm-1 correlated with urea-C=O vibrations. Also, a characteristic peak was seen for the =C-H stretching vibration of the UPy motif at 3053cm-1. Mechanical properties of the composites were investigated on the swollen disks. The acquired stress-strain curves showed an increasing stiffness for the swollen disks containing GelUPy, and ZnHApUPy showed the maximum value of compressive modulus of about 841 KPa, while the minimum amount was registered for those which containing GelUPy and ZnHAp (about 564 KPa). The sol-gel transition temperature (Tgel) changes of the Gelupy and the supramolecular disks were investigated through rheological measurements. Tgel at about 62áµ’C was recorded for GelUPy indicating a significant increase compared to the native gelatin. Therefore, GelUPy and its composites with ZnHApUPy hold promise as tissue engineering materials. We showed that GelUPy and UPy grafted Zn- HAp could be synthesized and combined to yield supramolecular nano-composites which can be considered as useful materials for application as bone tissue engineering scaffolds.

Biography:

Payman Akbari is currently working at Iran Polymer and Petro chemical Institute at Iran. During his studies he attended to many national and international conferences and he published many journals in the field of Polymer science and Materials engineering

Abstract:

Polyurethanes (PUs) are one of the vastly studied synthetic polymers in tissue engineering applications due to their diverse compositions and tunable physiochemical properties. A series of novel Poly Ethylene Glycol/Poly Lactic Acid (PEG-PLA) diols are synthesized. The success of synthesis and the structure of the block copolymers are demonstrated by FT-IR and H NMR analyses. The aim of this study is to develop a series of diols as soft segment for biodegradable urethane products. Making alteration to PEG:PLA ratio results in different degradation rates and mechanical properties of the urethane products. Briefly, PEG was reacted with Lactic Acid through a ring-opening polymerization using Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst at 180°c under a N2 atmosphere to obtain a PLA-PEG-PLA block copolymer. The produced polymer was then precipitated successively in n-Hexane/Ethyl Acetate solution. Figure 2 shows the FT-IR spectra of PEG, PLA and PEG-PLA product. The characteristic absorption at 1753cm-1 (C=O stretching) is observed, demonstrating the formation of ester linkage connecting PEG-PLA components. 1369 cm−1, 1456 cm−1 are respectively attributed to methyl and deformation vibration of C-H. The absorption peak at 2882cm-1 indicates the presence of the alkyl C-H (stretching) bond in PEG spectra which agrees with the same peak in the PEG-PLA spectra. In conclusion, PEG-PLA block copolymers were prepared successfully. A series of PEG-PLA block copolymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of lactic acid and poly ethylene glycol. Copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), which confirmed that those were synthesized successfully. This synthetic diol can be used as soft segment for degradable polyurethane products in tissue engineering.

Biography:

Divya Gupta, research fellow, is pursuing doctral degree from department of physics, kurukshetra university, kurukshetra in the field of ion beam induced structuring and nanopatterning in ceramic materials since 2015 . She has recieved M.Sc. degree in 2014 and was awarded gold medal for the same from  Kurukshetra University, kurukshetra, India

Abstract:

This paper reports on the transition of Si substitutional to interstitials under oblique argon beam irradiation. Crystalline Si (111) wafers were irradiated with 80 keV Ar+ ions to doses of 1x1017,  3x1017 and 5x1017 Ar+ cm-2  at an oblique incidence of 500 with respect to surface normal. Investigation of the defect evolution in irradiated specimens has been studied as a function of ion dose using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling geometry and computed using the simulation code DICADA. Results demonstrate that thickness of amorphous layer increases as a function of ion dose. RBS measurements show distinctly different defect sites; for ion dose of 1x1017 Ar+cm-2, 43% of the irradiated argon ions are on Si substitutional lattice sites; clearly indicating substitution of Ar ions into lattice sites whereas for irradiation dose of 5x1017 Ar+cm-2, all the argon ions are displaced to interstitial sites; no substitution of Ar ions into lattice sites. Retained concentration has been found to be same (0.68x1017 Ar+cm-2) for all the three irradiation doses, indicating a dramatic loss of argon ions for higher fluences. This evidently indicates that defects and lattice disorder both increase as a function of irradiation dose while retained argon concentration remains independent of irradiation dose. Measurements showed that the oblique incidence resulted in depth shift of amorphous layer and enhanced surface disorder by producing substitutional and interstitial defects in the irradiated specimens. Explicitly, the ion beam induced defect transition in Si can be understood in terms of oblique incidence induced sputtering process dominated by nuclear energy loss. Such low energy oblique irradiation induced alterations in Si is of crucial importance due to its promising applications in optoelectronic domain and heteroepitaxial growth technique.

Biography:

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Taqi Zahid Butt graduated in metallurgy & materials science engineering from university of the Punjab, Lahore in 1982 and got first position. In 1986, he was awarded ministry of science & technology, government of Pakistan merit scholarship to pursue his higher education abroad. In 1990, Dr. Butt completed his PhD from Brunel, university of West London, England and joined university of the Punjab. He was awarded two prestigious post-doctoral fellowships, one from commonwealth scholarship commission UK in university of Sheffield, UK in 1994 and the other Japan International Science & Technology Exchange Center (JISTCE) from government of Japan in Tsukuba, Japan in 1997. Currently Prof. Butt is working as professor of production metallurgy in the department of metallurgy & materials engineering, principal, college of engineering & emerging technologies and dean, faculty of engineering & technology, university of the Punjab, Lahore. He is engaged in numerous research projects at graduate and post graduate level. He has more than 120 publications in his credit in the journals of national and international repute. Prof. Butt is the chief editor of journal of faculty of engineering & technology.

Abstract:

Waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) is an essential component in the fertilizer industry. The repeated failure of waste heat recovery boiler (WHRB) coupled with ammonia oxidation reactor in a fertilizer plant is investigated in this study. Failure was observed in the boiler shell where thickness was 14mm constructed with 0.5Mo (SA 204 Grade A) steel. A failure was observed at the upper vessel section and working at temperature 500 - 600^oC and internal pressure of 5.5kg/cm². Air/ammonia mixture was being fed in the reactor coupled with WHRB and as a result of the exothermic reaction of ammonia oxidation the temperature was raised to 800^oC in reactor. The temperature raised during NO_x production was reduced to 280^oC and pressure 5 kg/cm² by the introduction of steam to recover the waste heat. The scale thickness on the inner side of the boiler shell was calculated to estimate Larson Miller Parameter (LMP) which in turn was used to predict the temperature of the shell at the time of failure. The decarburization and triple point cracks were observed in the microstructures present study. Metallography, mechanical and corrosion testing was performed on the samples. It was found that the failure occurred in the upper section of WHRB shell corresponded to prolong heating and overheating beyond the design limits